This system is a multi-modality high-speed microscope system for generating video-rate volumetric images for biological and medical research. This novel system can generate high-quality optical cross-sectional images, e.g. 512 x 512 pixels, for up to 1,000 frames per second, enabling various in vivo biological studies that cannot be realized in the past. The nonlinear endomicroscope module can generate high-speed optical cross-sectional images at subcellular resolution, realizing the concept of optical biopsy.

• This novel system comprises of three modules: a combined video-rate confocal and multi-photon excitation fluorescence microscope, a high-density fiber bundle-based nonlinear endomicroscope, and an ultra-high-speed volumetric imaging module achieved via the 3D temporal focusing technique.
• In order to observe and study biological events with short time constants, e.g. cell trafficking (immune cells or cancer cells) or neural cell signaling process, it will require a frame rate much higher than video rate.
• Accordingly, we can perform in vivo biological studies not only on the exterior of the animal, e.g. skin, eye, or skull etc., but also various internal organs, e.g. spleen, liver or even deep brain.